Auxiliary Verbs are verbs that merely help principal verbs in the formation of various verb forms. Auxiliary verbs are important as structural verbs.
Auxiliary Verbs are of two types: Primary Auxiliaries and Modal Auxiliaries
| Primary Auxiliaries List | Be Verb: is, am, are, was, were, been, being Have Verb: have, has, had, having Do Verb: do, does, did |
The Use of Primary Auxiliaries
TO BE ( is, am, are, was, were, been, being)
TYPE 1: To make Passive Voice
- It will be done in a short time. (Passive Voice)
- The work is being done. (Passive Voice)
- The sum has been worked out. (Passive Voice)
TYPE 2: To make Present Progressive
- The girl is dancing. (Present Progressive)
- I am doing the sum. (Present Progressive)
- They are playing football. (Present Progressive)
TYPE 3: To make Past Progressive
- He was sleeping at night. (Past Progressive)
- The boys were reading in the class. (Past Progressive)
TO HAVE (have, has, had, having)
TYPE 1: To make a Passive Voice
The work had been done. (Passive Voice)
TYPE 2: To make Present Perfect
I have done the work. (Present Perfect)
He has gone, to school. (Present Perfect)
TYPE 3: To make Past Perfect
They had collected a picture. (Past Perfect)
TYPE 4: To form Nominative Absolute
The sun having risen, darkness disappeared. (Nominative Absolute)
TO DO (do, does, did.)
TYPE 1: To make an Interrogative sentence
- Do you study in class X?
- Does he take tea?
- Did she write a letter?
TYPE 2: To make a Negative sentence
- I do not like him.
- He does not go to school.
- They did not play football yesterday.
Shortened forms of ‘do’ auxiliaries :
| do not | don’t | I don’t do this work. |
| does not | doesn’t | He doesn’t do this work. |
| did not | didn’t | He didn’t do that work. |
TYPE 3: To give stress on a statement
- I do hereby authorise you.
- He did help you, and you should not deny that.
NOTE: When the primary (and even modal) auxiliaries are used with the main verb, the change of verb in accordance with the number and person of the subject, the tenses, and the mood is all done to the former (i.e. auxiliaries)
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Also, Read
Joining Sentences
Conjunctions
Figures of Speech
Preposition
