Joining Sentences

Joining Sentences: Two or more than two short sentences can usually be joined into a single sentence. This process is called Joining.

We can join two or more sentences into a single sentence by making it :

Simple sentence
Complex sentence
Compound sentence

WAYS OF JOINING SENTENCES #1

JOINING INTO A SIMPLE SENTENCE

PATTERN 1: By using an Infinitive

Sentences	Joining
He is very weak. He cannot walk.	He is too weak to walk.
He has a house. He wishes to sell it.	He has a house to sell.
He reads attentively. He wants to pass the exam.	He reads attentively to pass the exam.

PATTERN 2: By using an Adjective Before a Noun

Sentences	Joining
I saw a man by the roadside. He was old.	I saw an old man by the roadside.
I lost my watch. It was costly.	I lost my costly watch.
Do not laugh at the man. He is lame.	Do not laugh at the lame man.

PATTERN 3: By using an Adverb or Adverbial Phrase

Sentences	Joining
He will come here. It is sure.	He will surely come here.
He failed the exam. It was unfortunate.	Unfortunately, he failed the exam.
He maintains his job. He does it carefully.	He maintains his job carefully
He described the fact. He did not fear at all.	He described the fact without any fear (Adv. phrase)

PATTERN 4: By using a Present Participle

Sentences	Joining
Do not jump from the train. The train is running.	Do not jump from the running train.
He was tired. He took a rest for a while.	Being tired he took a rest for a while.
We found a beggar. He was lying by the roadside.	We found a beggar lying by the roadside.

PATTERN 5: By using a Past Participle

Sentences	Joining
We saw a man. He was wounded.	We saw a wounded man.
He had a dog. It was well-trained.	He had a well-trained dog.

PATTERN 6: By using a Perfect Participle

Sentences	Joining
We visited the fair. We returned home.	Having visited the fair, we returned home.
I completed my homework. I sat for watching the TV.	Having completed my homework, I sat for watching the TV.

PATTERN 7: By using a Preposition with a Verbal Noun/Gerund

Sentences	Joining
She heard the news of her husband’s death. She fainted.	On hearing the news of her husband’s death, she fainted.
The sun set. He could not complete his work.	The sun set before the completion of his work.

PATTERN 8: By using a Prepositional Phrase

Sentences	Joining
He was ill. Still, he continued his work.	In spite of his illness, he continued his work.
He worked hard. He won the prize.	He won the prize by dint of hard work.

PATTERN 9: By using a Noun/Phrase in Apposition

Sentences	Joining
He is Barun. He is my brother.	He is Barun, my brother.
Benaras is a city of temples, It stands on the Ganga.	Benaras, the city of temples stands on the Ganga.

PATTERN 10: By using a Nominative Absolute [an Absolute Phrase]

Sentences	Joining
The sun rose. The fog dispersed.	The sun having risen, the fog dispersed.
The police arrived. The thieves fled.	The police having arrived, the thieves fled.

WAYS OF JOINING SENTENCES #2

JOINING INTO COMPLEX SENTENCE

PATTERN 1: Joining with a Noun Clause
Linker: (that, who, which, what, why, if, etc.)

Sentences	Joining
He has come. We know it.	We know that he has come.
He did it. I do not know how.	I do not know how he did it.
You have insulted her. This is her complaint.	Her complaint is that you have insulted her.
She is laughing. Nobody knows the reason.	Nobody knows why she is laughing.
Is it time for the train to start? The guard asked.	The guard asked if it was time for the train to start.

PATTERN 2. Joining with a Relative Clause
Linker: who, whose, whom, which, when, where, why, that, etc.

Sentences	Joining
He told us about a wild boar. He met it on a road.	He told us about a wild boar which he met on a road.
The man was delighted. His horse won the race.	The man whore horse won the race was delighted.
You met a man last night. He is a doctor.	The man whom you met last night is a doctor.
He is absent. I want to know the reason.	I want to know the reason why he is absent.
The meeting is due tomorrow. It must be postponed.	The meeting which is due tomorrow must be postponed.
I went to the museum yesterday. Many people go there.	Yesterday, I went to the museum where many people go.
Mr. Bose lives in a nice flat. It is in Salt Lake.	The nice flat in which Mr. Bose lives is in Salt Lake. [Or] Mr. Bose lives in a nice flat which is in Salt Lake.
He will come. I do not know the time.	I do not know the time when he will come.
This is the house. It was burnt last night.	This is the house that was burnt last night.

PATTERN 3: Joining with an Adverbial Clause
Linker: If, though, as, when, where, so that, etc.

Sentences	Joining
It is very simple. Even a child can do it.	It is so simple that a child can do.
You are excused. You have confessed your fault.	As you have confessed your fault, you are excused.
He is rich. He did not help me.	Though he is rich, he did not help me.
I am poor. I shall not sell my honesty.	Although I am poor, I shall not sell my honesty.
I can help you. You should put trust on me.	If you put trust on me, I can help you.
The storm broke out. We lost our way in the jungle.	We lost our way in the jungle when the storm broke out.

WAYS OF JOINING SENTENCES #3

JOINING INTO COMPOUND SENTENCE

By Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, So, therefore, yet, either….or, neither….nor

PATTERN 1: Joining by Co-ordinating Conjunctions

Sentences	Joining
He is intelligent. He stood first in the exam.	He is intelligent and he stood first in the exam.
He is intelligent. Yet he failed the exam.	He is intelligent but he failed the exam.
You may write a letter. You may send a telegram.	You may write a letter or send a telegram.
I shall not. go to school. I shall not go to my friend’s house.	I shall go neither to school nor to my friend’s house.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINKERS IN COMPLEX AND COMPOUND SENTENCES

Some Linkers that express time sequence: first, next, after that, finally, etc.
Some Linkers that suggest addition: and, also, as well, further, moreover, etc.
Some Linkers that express contrast: but, though, although, however, etc.
Some Linkers that express condition: if, if so, if not, in that case, etc.
Linkers that mark concession: still, yet, anyway, in any case, etc.
Some Linkers that express reason: as, because, so, hence, therefore, etc.
Some Linkers that express purpose: that, so that, in order that, etc.